Library / Machiavelli / Discourses / en-crick
Discourses Penguin Classics (Crick / Walker) — BOOK1
文件
1. Concerning the Origin of Cities in General and of Rome in Particular (.md)
2. How many Kinds of Statea there are and of what Kind was that of Rome (.md)
3. What Kind of Events gave rise in Rome to the Creation of Tribunes of the Plebs, whereby that Republic was made more Perfect (.md)
4. That Discord between the Plebs and the Senate of Rome made this Republic both Free and Powerful (.md)
9. That it is necessary to be the Sole Authority if one would constitute a Republic afresh or would reform it thoroughly regardless of its Ancient Institutions (.md)
50. No One Departmenta and no One Officialb in a Statec should be able to hold up proceedings (.md)
51. A Republic or a Prince should ostensibly do out of Generosity what Necessity constrains them to do (.md)
52. The Safer and Less Scandalous Way to repress the Arrogance of One who has risen to Power in a Republic is to forestall him in the Methods he uses to come by this Power (.md)
53. The Populace, misled by the False Appearance of Advantage, often seeks its own Ruin, and is easily moved by Splendid Hopes and Rash Promises (.md)
54. How Great an Influence a Grave Man may have in restraining an Excited Crowd (.md)
59. What Confederations or Leagues can be trusted most; those made with a Republic or those made with a Prince (.md)
55. That it is very easy to manage Things in a State in which the Masses are not Corrupt; and that, where Equality exists, it is impossible to set up a Principality, and, where it does not exist, impossible to set up a Republic (.md)
56. Before Great Misfortunes befall a City or a Province they are preceded by Portents or foretold by Men (.md)
57. The Plebs United is Strong, but in Itself it is Weak (.md)
58. The Massesa are more Knowing and more Constant than is a Prince (.md)
60. That the Consulate and all Other Offices in Rome were conferred without Respect to Age (.md)
5. Whether the Safeguarding of Liberty can be more safely entrusted to the Populace or to the Upper Class; and which has the Stronger Reason for creating Disturbances, the ‘Have-nots’ or the ‘Haves’a (.md)
6. Whether in Rome such a Form of Government could have been set up as would have removed the Hostility between the Populace and the Senate (.md)
7. How necessary Public Indictments are for the Maintenance of Liberty in a Republic (.md)
8. Calumnies are as Injurious to Republics as Public Indictments are Useful (.md)
10. Those who set up a Tyranny are no less Blameworthy than are the Founders of a Republic or a Kingdom Praiseworthy8 (.md)
11. Concerning the Religion of the Romans (.md)
12. How Important it is to take Account of Religion, and how Italy has been ruined for lack of it, thanks to the Roman Church (.md)
13. What Use the Romans made of Religion in reorganizing the City, in prosecuting their Enterprises, and in composing Tumults (.md)
14. The Romans interpreted their Auspices in accordance with their Needs, were wise enough ostensibly to observe Religion when forced to ignore it, and punished those who were so rash as to disparage it (.md)
19. A Weak Prince who succeeds an Outstanding Prince can hold his own, but a Weak Prince who succeeds another Weak Prince cannot hold any Kingdom (.md)
40. The Appointment of the Decemvirate in Rome and what is Noteworthy about it; in which will be considered, among other Things, how such an Incident may lead either to a Republic’s Salvation or to its Subjection (.md)
41. A Sudden Transition from Humility to Pride or from Kindness to Cruelty without Appropriate Steps in between is both Imprudent and Futile (.md)
42. How easily Men may be Corrupted (.md)
43. Those who fight for Glory’s Sake make Good and Faithful Soldiers (.md)
44. A Crowda is useless without a Head; nor should it first use Threats and then appeal for the Requisite Authority (.md)
49. If those City-States which from the Outset have been free, as Rome was, find it difficult to formulate Laws whereby to maintain Liberty, those which have just been servile are faced with a Quasi-impossibility (.md)
45. It is a Bad Precedent to break a New Law, especially if the Legislator himself does it; and daily to inflict Fresh Injuries on a City is most Harmful to him that governs it (.md)
46. Men pass from one Ambition to Another, and, having first striven against Ill-treatment, inflict it next upon Others (.md)
47. Though Men make Mistakes about Things in General, they do not make Mistakes about Particulars (.md)
48. To prevent an Official Appointment being given to a Base and Wicked Fellow, either an Exceedingly Base and Wicked Man should be put forward as a Candidate or an Exceedingly Noble and Good Man (.md)
15. The Samnites had recourse to Religion as a last Resort when their Affairs were going badly (.md)
16. A People accustomed to live under a Prince, should they by some Eventuality become free, will with Difficulty maintain their Freedom (.md)
17. A Corrupted People, having acquired Liberty, can maintain it only with the Greatest Difficulty (.md)
18. How in Corrupt Cities a Free Government can be maintained where it exists, or be established where it does not exist (.md)
20. Two Virtuous Princes, of whom one immediately succeeds the other, do Great Things: and, as in Well-ordered Republics there is of necessity such a Virtuous Succession, their Acquisitions and their Increase also is great (.md)
21. Princes and Republics which have not their own Armed Forces are highly reprehensible (.md)
22. What is worthy of Note in the Case of the Three Roman Horatii and of the Three Alban Curiatii (.md)
23. That One should not stake the Whole of One’s Fortune except on the Whole of One’s Forces; and that, consequently, it is frequently Harmful to defend Passes (.md)
24. Well-ordered Republics, in assigning Rewards and Punishments, never balance one against the Other (.md)
29. Which is the more ungrateful, a People or a Prince? (.md)
25. He who proposes to change an Old-established Form of Government in a Free City should retain at least the Shadow of its Ancient Customs (.md)
26. In a City or Province which he has seized, a New Prince should make Everything New (.md)
27. Very rarely do Men know how to be either Wholly Good or Wholly Bad (.md)
28. What made the Romans less ungrateful to their Citizens than were the Athenians? (.md)
30. What Steps should be taken by a Prince or by a Republic to avoid this Vice of Ingratitude, and what should be done by a General or by a Citizen who does not want to suffer from it (.md)
31. Roman Generals were never punished with Extreme Severity for their Mistakes; nor yet were they ever punished for Ignorance or Bad Judgement even though it caused Harm to the Republic (.md)
32. Neither a Republic nor a Prince should put off conferring Benefits on People until danger is at hand (.md)
33. When either within a State or against a State an Inconvenience has made Headway, the Safer Course is to temporize, not to suppress it (.md)
34. Dictatorial Authority did Good, not Harm, to the Republic of Rome: it is the Authority which Citizens arrogate to Themselves, not that granted by Free Suffrage, that is harmful to Civic Life (.md)
39. To Different Peoples the same sort of Thing is often found to happen (.md)
35. How it came about that the Appointment of the Decemviri in Rome was harmful to that Republic in spite of their having been appointed by Free and Public Suffrage (.md)
36. Citizens who have held Higher Posts should not disdain to accept Lower (.md)
37. On the Troubles to which the Agrarian Laws gave rise in Rome; and how great is the Trouble given in a Republic by passing a Law that is too Retrospective and Contravenes an Ancient Custom of the City (.md)
38. Weak Republics suffer from Irresolution and cannot reach Decisions; and, when they do arrive at one, it is due rather to Necessity than to Choice (.md)