# CHAPTER III.—_That Rome became great by destroying the Cities which lay round about her, and by readily admitting strangers to the rights of Citizenship._

“Crescit interea Roma Albæ ruinis”—_Meanwhile Rome grows on the ruins
of Alba_. They who would have their city become a great empire, must
endeavour by every means to fill it with inhabitants; for without a
numerous population no city can ever succeed in growing powerful. This
may be effected in two ways, by gentleness or by force. By gentleness,
when you offer a safe and open path to all strangers who may wish to
come and dwell in your city, so as to encourage them to come there of
their own accord; by force, when after destroying neighbouring towns,
you transplant their inhabitants to live in yours. Both of these
methods were practised by Rome, and with such success, that in the time
of her sixth king there dwelt within her walls eighty thousand citizens
fit to bear arms. For the Romans loved to follow the methods of the
skilful husbandman, who, to insure a plant growing big and yielding and
maturing its fruit, cuts off the first shoots it sends out, that the
strength remaining in the stem, it may in due season put forth new and
more vigorous and more fruitful branches. And that this was a right and
a necessary course for Rome to take for establishing and extending her
empire, is proved by the example of Sparta and Athens, which, although
exceedingly well-armed States, and regulated by excellent laws, never
reached the same greatness as the Roman Republic; though the latter, to
all appearance, was more turbulent and disorderly than they, and, so
far as laws went, not so perfectly governed. For this we can offer no
other explanation than that already given. For by augmenting the
numbers of her citizens in both the ways named, Rome was soon able to
place two hundred and eighty thousand men under arms; while neither
Sparta nor Athens could ever muster more than twenty thousand; and
this, not because the situation of these countries was less
advantageous than that of Rome, but simply from the difference in the
methods they followed.

For Lycurgus, the founder of the Spartan Republic, thinking nothing so
likely to relax his laws as an admixture of new citizens, did all he
could to prevent intercourse with strangers; with which object, besides
refusing these the right to marry, the right of citizenship, and all
such other social rights as induce men to become members of a
community, he ordained that in this republic of his the only money
current should be of leather, so that none might be tempted to repair
thither to trade or to carry on any art.

Under such circumstances the number of the inhabitants of that State
could never much increase. For as all our actions imitate nature, and
it is neither natural nor possible that a puny stem should carry a
great branch, so a small republic cannot assume control over cities or
countries stronger than herself; or, doing so, will resemble the tree
whose boughs being greater than its trunk, are supported with
difficulty, and snapped by every gust of wind. As it proved with
Sparta. For after she had spread her dominion over all the cities of
Greece, no sooner did Thebes rebel than all the others rebelled
likewise, and the trunk was left stripped of its boughs. But this could
not have happened with Rome, whose stem was mighty enough to bear any
branch with ease.

It was, therefore, by adding to her population, and by, adopting
certain other methods presently to be noticed, that Rome became so
great and powerful. And this is well expressed by Titus Livius, in the
words, “_Crescit interea Roma Albae ruinis_.”